分析
给你链表的头结点 head ,请将其按 升序 排列并返回 排序后的链表 。
示例 1:
输入:head = [4,2,1,3]
输出:[1,2,3,4]
示例 2:
输入:head = [-1,5,3,4,0]
输出:[-1,0,3,4,5]
示例 3:
输入:head = []
输出:[]
提示:
- 链表中节点的数目在范围
[0, 5 * 104]
内 - $-10^5 <= Node.val <= 10^5$
进阶:你可以在 $O(n log n)$ 时间复杂度和常数级空间复杂度下,对链表进行排序吗?
分析
链表有一个题目:合并有序链表。
通过二分思想,将最小单元的链表进行有序合并,先二分递归,然后回溯合并有序链表逐渐完成整改链表的排序!!!
二分归并排序
/**
* Definition for singly-linked list.
* public class ListNode {
* int val;
* ListNode next;
* ListNode() {}
* ListNode(int val) { this.val = val; }
* ListNode(int val, ListNode next) { this.val = val; this.next = next; }
* }
*/
class Solution {
public ListNode sortList(ListNode head) {
return sortList(head, null);
}
// 对链表局部区域进行排序
public ListNode sortList(ListNode head, ListNode tail) {
// 空链表
if (head == null) {
return head;
}
// 链表只有一个元素
if (head.next == tail) {
head.next = null;
return head;
}
// 找到链表的中间节点
ListNode slow = head, fast = head;
while (fast != tail) {
slow = slow.next;
fast = fast.next;
if (fast != tail) {
fast = fast.next;
}
}
ListNode mid = slow;
// 二分递归排序
ListNode list1 = sortList(head, mid);
ListNode list2 = sortList(mid, tail);
// 有序链表合并
ListNode sorted = merge(list1, list2);
return sorted;
}
// 基础问题:合并有序链表
public ListNode merge(ListNode head1, ListNode head2) {
ListNode dummyHead = new ListNode(0);
ListNode temp = dummyHead, temp1 = head1, temp2 = head2;
while (temp1 != null && temp2 != null) {
if (temp1.val <= temp2.val) {
temp.next = temp1;
temp1 = temp1.next;
} else {
temp.next = temp2;
temp2 = temp2.next;
}
temp = temp.next;
}
if (temp1 != null) {
temp.next = temp1;
} else if (temp2 != null) {
temp.next = temp2;
}
return dummyHead.next;
}
}
步进二分实现
按照二的倍数步进合并链表,直到无法拆成两个链表:
- step from 1 to $log_2^{i}$
/**
* Definition for singly-linked list.
* public class ListNode {
* int val;
* ListNode next;
* ListNode() {}
* ListNode(int val) { this.val = val; }
* ListNode(int val, ListNode next) { this.val = val; this.next = next; }
* }
*/
class Solution {
public ListNode sortList(ListNode head) {
// 空链表
if (head == null) {
return head;
}
int length = 0;
ListNode node = head;
// 求出链表长度,方便进行二分
while(node != null) {
length++;
node = node.next;
}
ListNode dummyHead = new ListNode(0, head);
// 按照二进制步进,等价于二分
for (int subLength = 1;subLength < length;subLength <<= 1) {
ListNode prev = dummyHead,curr = dummyHead.next;
while(curr != null) {
// 第一段
ListNode head1 = curr;
// 找到结尾节点
for (int i = 1;i < subLength && curr.next != null;i++) {
curr = curr.next;
}
// 第二段
ListNode head2 = curr.next;
curr.next = null;// 链表断裂
curr = head2;
for (int i = 1;i < subLength && curr != null && curr.next != null;i++) {
curr = curr.next;
}
ListNode next = null;
if (curr != null) {
next = curr.next;
curr.next = null;// 链表断裂
}
ListNode merged = merge(head1,head2);
prev.next = merged;
while(prev.next != null) {
prev = prev.next;
}
curr = next;// 链表重新连接
}
}
return dummyHead.next;
}
// 基础问题:合并有序链表
public ListNode merge(ListNode head1, ListNode head2) {
ListNode dummyHead = new ListNode(0);
ListNode temp = dummyHead, temp1 = head1, temp2 = head2;
while (temp1 != null && temp2 != null) {
if (temp1.val <= temp2.val) {
temp.next = temp1;
temp1 = temp1.next;
} else {
temp.next = temp2;
temp2 = temp2.next;
}
temp = temp.next;
}
if (temp1 != null) {
temp.next = temp1;
} else if (temp2 != null) {
temp.next = temp2;
}
return dummyHead.next;
}
}
转载请注明来源,欢迎对文章中的引用来源进行考证,欢迎指出任何有错误或不够清晰的表达。可以在下面评论区评论,也可以邮件至 1056615746@qq.com